Effects of L1 Transfer on L2: A Contrastive Analysis of Urdu and English Coordinating Conjunctions /and/ and /aur/

This study compares and contrasts the usage of /and/ /aur/ within framework Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH). Data on Urdu conjunctions appearing in various structures were obtained from an unpublished research paper Conversation Analysis, while data English several past studies. Hundred Graduating students (twenty five each institution) different Higher Education Institutions Kotli AJ&K (Pakistan) provided with audio conversations asked to translate them into (the target language). The written translations analyzed inorder check influence L1 (Urdu) use coordinating L2 (English). findings divulge that conjunction poses hitches for speakers when translating L2, specifically how is used normal conversation. employs three possibilities emergence comparative Urdu: no difference between its counterpart "and," similarity two, a structure present but absent L2. may assist teachers learners who have deal transfer